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Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA): heel prick screening

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an inherited condition. It is caused by a gene passed down from parents to their child.

Babies born with SMA can develop muscle weakness. Their body does not make enough survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. This is a protein you need for cells in your spine and your muscles to work properly. Some types of SMA can be life-threatening.

Early detection and treatment can greatly improve your baby's health and quality of life.

Babies in Ireland with SMA

About 1 in 9,000 babies born in Ireland has SMA.

How heel prick screening can help

Babies are checked for SMA as part of heel prick screening. They are offered this screening when they are around 5 days old. Heel prick screening also checks for other conditions.

The screening test used to check for SMA is a genetic test.

A midwife or nurse takes a few drops of blood from your baby's heel using a special device.

If the heel prick test shows your baby might have SMA, you will be contacted by a specialist and more tests will be arranged.

If tests confirm your baby has SMA, they will get urgent treatment in hospital. A specialist team will support you and explain all the treatment options available.

There is currently no cure for SMA. But treatments are available that can greatly improve your baby’s quality of life.

Page last reviewed: 9 April 2026
Next review due: 9 April 2029