HbA1c is short for 'glycated haemoglobin'. It is made when the glucose (sugar) in your body sticks to your red blood cells.
Your red blood cells live for about 2 to 3 months. So if your body cannot use glucose properly, more HbA1c can build up in your blood.
The HbA1c test
HbA1c testing is a blood test your doctor or diabetes team may use to diagnose and monitor type 2 diabetes. It shows how much glucose has built up in your blood in the past 2 to 3 months.
What does it mean if your HbA1c is high
A high HbA1c means your average blood glucose levels over the past 2 to 3 months has been high.
You may be more likely to develop problems with your:
- eyes
- heart
- feet
- nerves
- kidneys
- liver
HbA1c testing is different to a blood glucose test. A blood glucose test measures how much glucose is in your blood at the time you do the test.
When to get a HbA1c test
The HbA1c test gives your average glucose over 2 to 3 months. It will be checked as part of your routine diabetes check up.
You may need to have it checked more often if:
- you’re planning for a baby
- your treatment has recently changed
- your blood glucose levels have been tricky to manage
A HbA1c test is also used to diagnose diabetes, and to check if you’re at risk of developing diabetes.
The test is sometimes called haemoglobin A1c or just A1c.
Your HbA1c results
Your doctor or diabetes team will work with you to decide what HbA1c target is best for you.
Always ask what your HbA1c test number is and ask your doctor what it means for you.
Having your HbA1c check-up helps your doctor and healthcare team to discuss with you the next options to consider as part of your treatment.
Most people with type 2 diabetes should aim for a HbA1c of 53mmol/mol or lower. If you have any concerns, discuss with your doctor or diabetes team.
If your HbA1c changes
Your HbA1c can change for lots of reasons.
This can happen if you:
- feel unwell
- take other medicines, such as steroids
- make lifestyle changes
- feel very stressed or have low mood
The longer your HbA1c level is high, the more you’re at risk of developing possible health problems. That's why it's important to know your results and talk to your diabetes team about them.
Discuss any changes since your last test and if changes to your treatment plan or medicine are required.
Managing your diabetes through lifestyle changes and sometimes with medicines can help you have healthy blood glucose levels.
