Self-harm is when somebody intentionally damages or injures their body. It's a way of coping with or expressing overwhelming emotional distress.
Sometimes when people self-harm, they feel on some level that they intend to die. More than half of people who die by suicide have a history of self-harm.
But more often they wish to punish themselves or relieve unbearable tension. Sometimes it's a mixture of both. Self-harm can also be used to communicate distress to other people.
Self-harm can bring an immediate sense of relief but it is only a temporary solution. It can also cause permanent scarring and damage to your body if you injure nerves.
Self-harm:
- should not be dismissed as attention seeking
- should always be taken seriously so emotional problems do not escalate
- does not mean there’s something wrong with you - but it can be a sign of underlying mental health problems
Types of self-harm
There are many different ways people can intentionally harm themselves.
People often try to keep self-harm a secret because of shame or fear of it being seen. They may cover up their skin and avoid talking about the problem.
People who self-harm may not look for help themselves. Close family and friends may need to take the first steps.
If you notice that somebody is self-harming, approach the subject with care and understanding.
Self-harm can also include suicidal behaviours.
What to do if you're worried about someone else's mental health
Signs of self-harm
If you think a friend or relative is self-harming, look out for signs.
People who self-harm can seriously hurt themselves. While they are continuing to use this as a 'coping' mechanism they are not learning effective ways of managing distress.
It's important that they speak to a GP about the underlying issue. They should ask for treatment or therapy.
Content supplied by the NHS and adapted for Ireland by the HSE