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Your child's developmental milestones from 3 to 5 years

Your child’s first 5 years will see huge changes in their development. As they grow, their skills develop.

These include:

  • gross motor skills – using large muscles that coordinate body movements such as standing, sitting upright and walking
  • fine motor skills – using small muscles for accurate coordinated movements such as holding a toy and drawing with a crayon
  • communication and hearing
  • social and emotional
  • problem-solving, learning and understanding

The ages given for milestones in this guide are an average. Every child is different. Most children should be meeting these milestones.

Information:

Talk to your GP or public health nurse (PHN) if you are concerned about your child’s development. They may carry out more tests or refer your child to a specialist.

By 3 years

By this age most babies will achieve these milestones:

Gross motor

Your child will be able to:

  • walk upstairs
  • pedal a tricycle

Fine motor

They’ll be able to:

  • copy a circle
  • draw a person’s head

Communication and hearing

Your child will be able to:

  • use 4 to 5 word sentences
  • tell stories

Social and emotional

Your child will play with other children in small groups.

Problem-solving, learning and understanding

Your child can:

  • copy or imitate another person
  • line up 4 objects like blocks or cars in a row
By 4 years

By this age most babies will achieve these milestones:

Gross motor

Your child will be able to:

  • hop
  • balance on each foot for 3 seconds

Fine motor

They’ll be able to:

  • copy a square using a crayon
  • draw a cross (+ sign)
  • draw a person in 3 parts

Communication and hearing

Your child will be able to name 4 colours. Their speech will be easy for others to understand.

Social and emotional

Your child will share and take turns when playing with other children. They can sing a song.

Problem-solving, learning and understanding

Your child can:

  • dress up
  • play act
  • name different colours
By 5 years

By this age most babies will achieve these milestones:

Gross motor

Your child will be able to:

  • walk ‘heel to toe’ – in a straight line with one foot immediately ahead of the other
  • skip

Fine motor

They’ll be able to:

  • copy a triangle
  • draw a person with 6 body parts

Communication and hearing

Your child will know numbers from 1 to 10.

Social and emotional

Between 4 and 5 years your child’s social and emotional skills develop rapidly.

Your child:

  • has a group of friends
  • uses make-believe and dress-up when playing

Problem-solving, learning and understanding

Your child can write some letters or numbers.

You may notice your child:

  • still needs your support when trying to talk to adults
  • understands what you’re saying
  • repeats things they hear
  • is not aware that things they say can be hurtful to other people
  • is interested in time
  • is interested in learning more complicated games
  • gets better at taking turns and sharing, but still needs encouragement from time to time
  • becomes more aware of danger - for example, staying safe on busy roads
  • still seems to think that the world revolves around them
  • enjoys showing off their achievements

Page last reviewed: 12 November 2021
Next review due: 12 November 2024

This project has received funding from the Government of Ireland’s Sláintecare Integration Fund 2019 under Grant Agreement Number 123.